Study of temporal variations of nocturnal and daytime urban heat island in Baghdad

Salwa S. Naif; Najlaa M. Hadi; Monim H. Al-Jiboor

doi:10.22630/PNIKS.2020.29.3.30

PDF

Published:

Sep 30, 2020

Issue

Vol. 29 No. 3 (2020)

Section

Original papers

CitedBy/Share

Salwa S. Naif

Mustansiriyah University, College of Science Department of Atmospheric Sciences

Najlaa M. Hadi

University of Babylon, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Department of Physics

Monim H. Al-Jiboor

Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Atmospheric Sciences

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2020.29.3.30

Keywords : urban heat island, urban impact, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, temperature trend, Baghdad

Abstract

Based on daily minimum and maximum air temperature observations for three years: 2008, 2013 and 2019, measured by automatic weather stations located at two sites of Baghdad city were used to compute nocturnal and daytime urban heat island (UHI). First station fixed in campus of the Mustansiriyah University is considered as urban area, and another station followed to Iraqi meteorological organization installed at the International Baghdad Airport was chosen as the rural site. Daily, seasonal and annual averages of nocturnal and daytime UHIs were presented to study the variability and trends. The results show the evolution of a nocturnal UHI, whose high mean values were recorded in four seasons with largest value found in summer of 2019. Annual trend in nocturnal UHI intensities was found to be larger than that of daytime. Thus, this study propose that maintenance and increase urban parks and planting shading tall trees to mitigate UHI intensity in Baghdad city.

How to Cite

Naif, S. S., Hadi, N. M., & Al-Jiboor, M. H. (2020). Study of temporal variations of nocturnal and daytime urban heat island in Baghdad. Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES), 29(3), 355–365. https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2020.29.3.30

References

Al-Jiboori, M.H., Abu Al-Shear, M.J. & Ahmed, M.M. (2020). Impact of land surface changes on air temperatures in Baghdad. Kuwait Journal of Science, 47(4) [in press].

Arnfield, A.J. (2003). Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. International Journal of Climatology, 23(1), 1-26. doi 10.1002/joc.859

Bhargava, A., Lakmini, S. & Bhargava, S. (2017). Urban heat island effect: It’s Relevance in urban planning. Journal of Biodivversity & Endangered Species, 5(1), 1-4. doi 10.4172/2332-2543.1000187

Golroudbary, V.R., Zeng Y., Mannaerts, C.M. & Su, Z. (2018). Urban impacts on air temperature and precipitation over the Netherland. Climate Research, 75(2), 95-109. doi 10.3354/cr01512

Huang, Q. & Lu, Y. (2015). The effect of urban heat island on climate warming in the Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(8), 8773-8789. doi 10.3390/ijerph120808773

Hussain, R.Y. (2018). Land use change within the basic design in north of Baghdad. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(20), 8284-8295.

Kalnay, E. & Cai, M. (2003). Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate. Nature, 423(6939), 528-531.

Nuruzzaman, M.D. (2015). Urban heat island: Causes, effects and mitigation measures - A review. International Jourbal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(2), 67-73. doi 10.11648/j.ijema.20150302.15

Oke, T.R. (1973). City size and the urban heat island. Atmospheric Environment Pergamon Press, 7(8), 769-779.

Oke, T.R. (1976). The distinction between canopy and boundary-layer urban heat islands. Atmosphere, 14(4), 268-277.

Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W.D., Parshall, L., Chopping, M., Pope, G. & Goldberg, R. (2005). Characterizing the urban heat island effect in current and future climates in urban New Jersey. Environmental Hazards, 6(1), 51-62.

Saaroni, H., Amorim, J.H., Hiemstra, J.A. & Pearlmutter, D. (2018). Urban green infrastructure as a tool for urban heat mitigation: Survey of research methodologies and findings across different climatic regions. Urban Climate, 24, 94-110. doi 10.1016/j-uclim.2018.02.001

Sailor, D.J. (2006). Mitigation of urban heat islands – Recent progress and future prospects. In Proceedings of 6th Urban Environment Symposium. Atlanta, GA. 28 Jan.–2 Feb. 2006. Boston: American Meteorological Society.

Schatz, J. & Kucharik, Ch.J. (2014). Seasonality of the urban heat island effect in Madison, Wisconsin. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 53(10), 2371-2386.

Souch, C. & Grimmond, S.B. (2006). Applied climatology: Urban climate. Progress in Physical Geography, 30(2), 270-279.

Stull, R.B. (1989). An introduction to boundary layer meteorology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publisher.

Sundus, H. & Al-Jiboori, M.H. (2018). The study of Refractive-index structure of coefficient behavior derived from two weather stations at Baghdad City. Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science, 29(4), 1-6.

United States Environmental Protection Agency [US EPA] (2008). Heat island compendium. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/heat-island-compendium

United Nations [UN] (2018). World urbanization prospects (ST/ESA/SER.A/352). New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.

Wienert, U. & Kuttler, W. (2005). The dependence of urban heat island intensity on latitude – a statistical approach. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 14(5), 677-686.

Wilby, R.L. (2003). Past and projected trends in London’s urban heat island. Weather, 58(7), 251-260.

World Meteorological Organization [WMO] (2007). Guide to meteorological Iinstruments and methods of observations. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization

Statistics