Study on the utilization of electrocoagulation concept as a disinfectant substitute in hospital wastewater

Elanda Fikri; Nanny Djuhriah; Neneng Y. Hanurawaty

doi:10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.22

PDF

Published:

Mar 30, 2021

Issue

Vol. 30 No. 2 (2021)

Section

Original papers

CitedBy/Share

Elanda Fikri

Diponegoro University, Doctorate Program of Environmental Studies, Semarang, 50241, Indonesia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7196-6011

Nanny Djuhriah

Bandung Health Polytechnic, Department of Environmental Health

Neneng Y. Hanurawaty

Bandung Health Polytechnic, Department of Environmental Health

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.22

Keywords : electrocoagulation, disinfectants, contact time, number of electrode plates, Coliforms, hospital wastewater

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify differences in variations of contact time and number of electrode plates in electrocoagulation process on the decrease of total Coliforms in Bandung City hospital wastewater. An experimental research with factorial randomized design. The volume of wastewater sample to check the total Coliforms was a minimum of 100 ml, using 3 treatments and 6 repetitions. Data analysis used was two-way ANOVA test. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the number of plates (p = 0.269), contact time (p = 0.537), and the number of plates and contact time (p = 0.863) with the total Coliforms in electrocoagulation process. The use of 6 plates and 90 min contact time showed the best results in reducing total Coliforms, with effectiveness reaching 88.38%. This means that the concept is quite effective to use as a substitute for disinfectant.

How to Cite

Fikri, E., Djuhriah, N., & Hanurawaty, N. Y. (2021). Study on the utilization of electrocoagulation concept as a disinfectant substitute in hospital wastewater. Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES), 30(2), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.22

References

Ahmad, T., Aadil, R.M., Ahmed, H., Rahman, U., Soares, B.C., Souza, S.L., Pimentel, T.C., Scudino, H., Guimaraes, J.T., Esmerino, E.A. & Freitas, M.Q. (2019). Treatment and utilization of dairy industrial waste: a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 88, 361-372.

Akansha, J., Nidheesh, P.V., Gopinath, A., Anupama, K.V. & Kumar, M.S. (2020). Treatment of dairy industry wastewater by combined aerated electrocoagulation and phytoremediation process. Chemosphere, 253, 126652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126652

Cańizares, P., Jiménez, C., Martínez, F., Sáez, C. & Rodrigo, M.A. (2007). Study of the electrocoagulation process using aluminum and iron electrodes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 46(19), 6189-6195.

Chen, X., Chen, G. & Yue, P.L. (2000). Separation of pollutants from restaurant wastewater by electrocoagulation. Separation and Purification Technology, 19(1-2), 65-76.

Chen, X., Chen, G. & Yue, P.L. (2002). Novel electrode system for electroflotation of wastewater. Environmental Science & Technology, 36(4), 778-783.

Darmawanti, T., Suhartana, S. & Widodo, D.S. (2010). Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Batik dengan Metoda Elektrokoagulasi Menggunakan Besi Bekas Sebagai Elektroda [Batik industry liquid waste treatment by electrocoagulation method uses scrap metal as an electrode]. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 13(1), 18-24.

Deepak, S. (2014). Treatment of dairy waste water by electro coagulation using aluminum electrodes and settling, filtration studies. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 6(1), 591-599.

Djaja, I.M. & Maniksulistya, D. (2006). Gambaran pengelolaan limbah cair di Rumah Sakit X Jakarta Februari 2006 [Hospital Wastes Water Management in Jakarta February 2006]. Makara Kesehatan, 10(2), 60-63.

Dura, A. & Breslin, C.B. (2019). The removal of phosphates using electrocoagulation with Al−Mg anodes. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 846, 113161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.043

Fajardo, A.S., Rodrigues, R.F., Martins, R.C., Castro, L.M. & Quinta-Ferreira, R.M. (2015). Phenolic wastewaters treatment by electrocoagulation process using Zn anode. Chemical Engineering Journal, 275, 331-341.

Gomez, K.A. & Gomez, A.A. (2007). Statistical Procedures for Research. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press.

Hakim, A.R. & Hardianti, B.D. (2017). Pendekatan Aplikasi DEWATS Dalam Manajemen Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit [DEWATS application approach in hospital wastewater management]. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 17(2), 28-34.

Hakizimana, J.N., Gourich, B., Chafi, M., Stiriba, Y., Vial, C., Drogui, P. & Naja, J. (2017). Electrocoagulation process in water treatment: a review of electrocoagulation modeling approaches. Desalination, 404, 1-21.

Harif, T., Khai, M. & Adin, A. (2012). Electrocoagulation versus chemical coagulation: coagulation/flocculation mechanisms and resulting floc characteristics. Water Research, 46(10), 3177-3188.

Jagadal, C.B., Hiremath, M.N. & Shivayogimath, C.B. (2017). Study of dairy wastewater treatment using monopolar series system of electrocoagulation process with aluminium electrodes. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 6(7), 12891-12898.

Kim, T., Kim, T-K. & Zoh, K-D. (2020). Removal mechanism of heavy metal (Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cr) in the presence of cyanide during electrocoagulation using Fe and Al electrodes. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 33, 101109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.101109

Kobya, M. & Demirbas, E. (2015). Evaluations of operating parameters on treatment of can manufacturing wastewater by electrocoagulation. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 8, 64-74.

Lakshmanan, D., Clifford, D.A. & Samanta, G. (2010). Comparative study of arsenic removal by iron using electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation. Water Research, 44(19), 5641-5652.

Liu, F., Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., Li, X., Dai, X., Wang, L., Wang, X., Yuan, Z., Zhang, J., Chen, M. & Wang, S. (2019). Experimental study on treatment of tertiary oil recovery wastewater by electrocoagulation. Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification, 144, 107640. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cep.2019.107640

Lu, J., Li, Y., Yin, M., Ma, X. & Lin, S. (2015). Removing heavy metal ions with continuous aluminum electrocoagulation: A study on back mixing and utilization rate of electrogenerated Al ions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 267, 86-92.

Miwa, D.W., Malpass, G.R.P., Machado, S.A.S. & Motheo, A. (2006). Electrochemical degradation of carbaryl on oxide electrodes. Water Research, 40(17), 3281-3289.

Ni’am, A.C., Caroline, J. & Afandi, M.H. (2017). Variasi jumlah elektroda dan besar tegangan dalam menurunkan kandungan COD dan TSS limbah cair tekstil dengan metode elektrokoagulasi. AL-ARD: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 3(1), 21-26.

Niati, P.D. & Widarto (2006). Penentuan kandungan unsur pada instalasi Pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten dengan metode Aanalisis Aktivasi Neutron Reaktor Kartini. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia, 4(2), 120-125.

Nidheesh, P.V. & Singh, T.S.A. (2017). Arsenic removal by electrocoagulation process: recent trends and removal mechanism. Chemosphere, 181, 418-432.

Notoatmodjo, S. (2010). Health Research Methodology. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Önder, E., Koparal, A.S. & Öğütveren, Ü.B. (2007). An alternative method for the removal of surfactants from water: Electrochemical coagulation. Separation and Purification Technology, 52(3), 527-532.

Rad, S.J. & Lewis, M.J. (2014). Water utilization, energy utilization and waste water management in the dairy industry: a review. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 67(1), 1-20.

Ridantami, V., Bangun, W., Prayitno (2016). Pengaruh tegangan dan waktu pada pengolahan limbah radioaktif uranium dan torium dengan proses elektrokoagulasi [Effects of voltage and time on uranium and thorium liquid radioactive waste treatment using electrocoagulation process]. Jurnal Forum Nuklir (JFN), 10(2), 102-107.

Sadeddin, K., Naser, A. & Firas, A. (2011). Removal of turbidity and suspended solids by electro-coagulation to improve feed water quality of reverse osmosis plant. Desalination, 268(1), 204-207.

Setianingrum, N.P., Prasetya A. & Sarto dan (2017). Pengurangan Zat Warna Remazol Red Rb Menggunakan Metode Elektrokoagulasi secara Batch [Reduction of remazol red Rb dyes using a batch electrocoagulation method]. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 11(2), 78-85.

Silva, J.F.A., Graça, N.S., Ribeiro, A.M. & Rodrigues, A.E. (2018). Electrocoagulation process for the removal of co-existent fluoride, arsenic and iron from contaminated drinking water. Separation and Purification Technology, 197, 237-243.

Standar Nasional Indonesia [SNI] (2008). Water and wastewater. Part 59: Methods for sampling wastewater (SNI 6989.59:2008). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Syam B.D. & Nidheesh, P.V. (2020). A review on electrochemical treatment of arsenic from aqueous medium. Chemical Engineering Communications, 11, 1-22.

Tapotubun, A.M., Savitri, I.K.E. & Matrutty, T.E.A.A. (2016). Panghambatan bakteri patogen pada ikan segar yang diaplikasi Caulerpa lentillifera [The Inhibitor Pathogen Bacteria’s of Sea Grape Caulerpa lentillifera Applies on Fresh Fish]. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 19(3), 299-308.

Tchamango, S., Nanseu-Njiki, C.P., Ngameni, E., Hadjiev, D. & Darchen, A. (2010). Treatment of dairy effluents by electrocoagulation using aluminium electrodes. Science of the Total Environment, 408(4), 947-952.

Van Genuchten, C.M., Addy, S.E., PenÞa, J. & Gadgil, A.J. (2012). Removing arsenic from synthetic groundwater with iron electrocoagulation: an Fe and As K-edge EXAFS study. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(2), 986-994.

Wiyanto, E., Harsono, B., Makmur, A., Pangputra, R., Julita, J. & Kurniawan, M.S. (2017). Penerapan elektrokoagulasi dalam proses penjernihan limbah cair [Application of electrocoagulation in the process of clarifying wastewater]. Jetri: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro, 12(1), 19-36.

Statistics