Abdelmonem, M.G. (2017). Architectural and urban heritage in the digital age: dilemmas of authenticity, originality and reproduction. International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR, 11(3), 5-15. (Crossref)

Abid, S.K. (2015). Imam Ali Shrine, institution and cultural monument: the implications of cultural significance and its impact on local conservation management. Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XIV, 153, 87-98 (Crossref)

Abid, S.K. (2016). An examination of heritage protection and conservation practices in the pilgrimage city of Najaf (PhD thesis). University of Sheffield, Sheffield. https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17278/1/Sadiq.Abid.pdf

Ahmed (1945). The Euphrates Valley and the Siddh Indian Project. Baghdad: Al-Ma’arif Press.

Al-Amely, M.F. (2015). The impact of Kufa mosque in the urban growth of the Holy City. Baghdad: University of Technology.

Al-Ansari, R.M. (2007). Proposal for the development of the center of the city of Najaf and expansion of kindergarten Al-Haidariya, Mujahmah al-Muhajir. London: Association for the Care of Iraqis.

Al-Ansari, R.M. (2013). Najaf: past and present. Baghdad: Al-Mamoon House for Translation and Publishing.

Al-Daraji, H.M. (2014). The heritage buildings in Najaf: Characteristic between past and present. Baghdad: Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.

Al-Hakim, H. (2006). Detailed of the history of Najaf: scientific and cultural. Qom, Iran: The Hydrological Library.

Al-Jibory, K.S. (2011). Management of Imam Ali Shrine in Najaf. Afaaq Najafiya, 2011, 70-147.

Al-Maliki, F. (2011). Najaf heritage buildings under threat.

Al-Marri, S., Alquzweeni, S.S., Hashim, K.S., Alkhaddar, R., Kot, P., Alkizwini, R.S., Zubaidi, S.L. & Al-Khafaji, Z.S. (2020). Ultrasonic-Electrocoagulation method for nitrate removal from water. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 888, 012073. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/888/1/012073 (Crossref)

Allan, J.W. (2012). The art and architecture of twelver Shi’ism: Iraq, Iran and the Indian Sub-continent. London: Azimuth Editions.

Alnaimi, H., Idan, I.J., Al-Janabi, A., Hashim, K.S., Gkantou, M., Zubaidi, S.L., Kot, P. & Muradov, M. (2020). Ultrasonic-electrochemical treatment for effluents of concrete plants. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 888, 012063. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/888/1/012063 (Crossref)

Alyafei, A., Alkizwini, R.S., Hashim, K.S., Yeboah, D., Gkantou, M., Al Khaddar, R., AlFaluji, D. & Zubaidi, S.L. (2020). Treatment of effluents of construction industry using a combined filtration-electrocoagulation method. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 888, 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/888/1/012032 (Crossref)

Attia, A.N. (2016). Protection and promotion of cultural heritage to enhance the Iraqi cultural identity. Najaf: Dar Al-Turath.

Bashir, S. (1995). The renewal of islamic law: Muhammad Baqer as-Sadr, Najaf and the Shi’i International, Chibli Mallat. Digest of Middle East Studies, 4(2), 64-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.1995.tb00552.x (Crossref)

Batuta, I. & Lee, S. (1829). The travels of Ibn Batűta. London: Oriental Translation Committee. Retrieved from: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005211621

Bender, T. (2006). Sacred space, sacred art. Retrieved from: tombender.org/sustdesignarticles/SACRED_SPACE.pdf [access dd.mm.yr].

Bosworth, C.E. (2007). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. (Crossref)

Correia, J. & Taher, M. (2015). Traditional Islamic cities unveiled: the quest for urban design regularity. Gremium, 2(4), 21-36.

Department of Planning – Municipality of Najaf (2017). Foundation of physical planning of Najaf. Najaf: Municipality of Najaf.

Department of Planning – Municipality of Najaf (2020). Built areas in the Old City of Al-Najaf. Najaf: Municipality of Najaf.

Directorate of Urban Planning of Najaf Governorate (2006). Urban Renewal of the Najaf City Center. Najaf: Directorate of Urban Planning of Najaf Governorate.

Farhan, S.L., Abdelmonem, M.G. & Nasar, Z.A. (2018). The urban transformation of traditional city centres: holy Karbala as a case study. Archnet-IJAR, 12(3), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i3.1625 (Crossref)

Farhan, S.L., Jasim, I.A. & Al-Mamoori, S.K. (2019). The transformation of the city of Najaf, Iraq: analysis, reality and future prospects. Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, 13(2), 160-171.

Farhan, S.L., Akef, V. & Nasar, Z. (2020). The transformation of the inherited historical urban and architectural characteristics of Al-Najaf’s Old City and possible preservation insights. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 9(4), 820-836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2020.07.005 (Crossref)

Grimm, N.B., Faeth, S.H., Golubiewski, N.E., Redman, C.L., Wu, J., Bai, X. & Briggs, J.M. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities. Science, 319(5864), 756-760. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150195 (Crossref)

Hashim, K.S., Ewadh, H.M., Muhsin, A.A., Zubaidi, S.L., Kot, P., Muradov, M., … AlKhaddar, R. (2020). Phosphate removal from water using bottom ash: adsorption performance, coexisting anions and modelling studies. Water Science and Technology, 83(1), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.561 (Crossref)

Hendrigan, C. (2019). A future of polycentric cities: how urban life, land supply, smart technologies and sustainable transport are reshaping cities. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9169-9 (Crossref)

Kamona, H.A. (2010). Perception in the reconstruction of the city of Najaf as a capital of islamic culture 2012. Najaf: Association Forum Posting in Najaf.

Matar, S. (2013). Iraq: Seven thousand years of life. Beirut: Arab Foundation for Publishing.

Merzah, M.S. (2006). Heritage buildings in Najaf: the religious architecture and service architecture. Baghdad: University of Baghdad.

Michell, G. (1978). Architecture of the Islamic world: its history and social meaning. London: Thames and Hudson.

Mohammed, M. & Hadi, E. (2011). The best way to deal with the centre of Najaf old town. In Development and Planning (p. 11). Baghdad: University of Baghdad.

Mustafa, M.H. (2010). Information technology role in the development of Al-Najaf City. Baghdad: University of Baghdad.

Nasar, Z. (2015). The sacred shrines on directing the movement axes within the urban fabric of the Islamic holy cities – An-Najaf Al-Ashraf as a case study. Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences, 23(4).

Orbasli, A. (2007). Training conservation professionals in the Middle East. Built Environment, 33(3), 307-322. https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.33.3.307 (Crossref)

Shah-Kazemi, R. (2006). Ali Ibn Abi Talib. In J.W. Meri (ed.), Medieval islamic civilization: an encyclopedia (pp. 36-37). New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Retrieved from: http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/id/1429519

Smith, L. (2006). Uses of heritage. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203602263 (Crossref)

Tabbaa, Y., Mervin, S. & Bonnier, E. (2014). Najaf, the gate of wisdom. History, heritage & significance of the holy city of the Shi’a. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000228324

Urutseg (2011-03-16). Iraq physical map. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najaf#/media/File:Iraq_physical_map.svg

Zubaidi, S.L., Al-Bugharbee, H., Muhsin, Y.R., Hashim, K. & Alkhaddar, R. (2020). Forecasting of monthly stochastic signal of urban water demand: Baghdad as a case study. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 888, 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/888/1/012018 (Crossref)

Zubaidi, S.L., Kot, P., Alkhaddar, R.M., Abdellatif, M. & Al-Bugharbee, H. (2018). Shortterm water demand prediction in residential complexes: case study in Columbia City, USA. 2018 11th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), 2018, 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1109/DeSE.2018.00013 (Crossref)