Analysis of tropospheric NO2 over Iraq using OMI satellite measurements

Jasim M. Rajab; Ahmed S. Hassan; Jasim H. Kadhum; Ali M. Al-Salihi; Hwee San Lim

doi:10.22630/PNIKS.2020.29.1.1

PDF

Published:

Mar 30, 2020

Issue

Vol. 29 No. 1 (2020)

Section

Original papers

CitedBy/Share

Jasim M. Rajab

Laser and Photonics Research Center, University of Al-Hamdaniya

Ahmed S. Hassan

Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Palestine Street, 46131 Baghdad, Iraq

Jasim H. Kadhum

College of Science, Mustansiriyah University

Ali M. Al-Salihi

College of Science, Mustansiriyah University

Hwee San Lim

School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2020.29.1.1

Keywords : nitrogen dioxide, air pollution, remote sensing, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a trace gas with important impact on atmospheric chemistry, human health and a key pollutant in particular cities, measured from space since the mid-1990s by the GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, and GOME-2 instruments. This study present ten years (monthly and yearly averaged) dataset from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) used to investigate tropospheric NO2 characteristics and variations over Iraq during 2005–2014. Annual NO2 shows an elevation from the northern to the southern and highest values was at central parts of Iraq. Monthly distributions revels higher values NO2 in winter and summer than spring and autumn seasons, and rising NO2 throughout study period over industrial and crowded urban zones. The trend analysis over Baghdad shows a linear growth rate 9.8% per year with an annual average (5.6·1015 molecules per 1 cm2). The air mass trajectory analysis as hotspot regions shows seasonal fluctuations between winter and summer seasons depend on weather conditions and topography. The increased NO2 values in winter are due to anthropogenic emissions and subsequent plumes from Europe. In addition, in summer because of hot weather and large paddy fields emissions. The lowest NO2 value was at monsoon period mostly linked to the rains. The OMI data and satellite information are able to observe the troposphere NO2 elevation at different regions.

How to Cite

Rajab, J. M., Hassan, A. S., Kadhum, J. H., Al-Salihi, A. M., & San Lim, H. (2020). Analysis of tropospheric NO2 over Iraq using OMI satellite measurements. Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES), 29(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2020.29.1.1

References

Abed, F.G., Al-Salihi, A.M., Rajab, J.M. (2018). Spatiotemporal monitoring of methane over Iraq during 2003-2015: retrieved from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(22), 8650-8663.

Al-Salihi, A.M. (2017). Impact of precipitation on aerosols index over selected stations in Iraq using remote sensing technique. Modelling Earth Systems and Environment, 3(3), 861-871.

Al-Salihi, A.M. (2018). Characterization of aerosol type based on aerosol optical properties over Baghdad, Iraq. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11(20), 633. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3944-1

Al-Salihi, A.M., Rajab, J.M. & Salih, Z.Q. (2019). Satellite monitoring for Outgoing Longwave Radiation and Water Vapor during 2003-2016 in Iraq. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1234(1), 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1234/1/012009

Beirle, S., Platt, U., Wenig, M. & Wagner, T. (2003). Weekly cycle of NO2 by GOME measurements: A signature of anthropogenic sources. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 3(6), 2225-2232.

Burrows, J.P., Weber, M., Buchwitz, M., Rozanov, V., Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, A., Richter, A., DeBeek, R., Hoogen, R., Bramstedt, K., Eichmann, K.U., Eisinger, M. & Perner, D. (1999). The global ozone monitoring experiment (GOME): Mission concept and first scientifi c results. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 56(2), 151-175.

Chan, K., Hartl, A., Lam, Y., Xie, P., Liu, W., Cheung, H.M., Lampel, J., Pöhler, D., Li, A., Xu, J., Zhou, H.J., Ning, Z. & Wenig, M.O. (2015). Observations of tropospheric NO2 using ground based MAX-DOAS and OMI measurements during the Shanghai World Expo 2010. Atmospheric Environment, 119, 45-58.

Constantin, D.E., Voiculescu, M. & Georgescu, L. (2013). Satellite observations of NO2 trend over Romania. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 261634. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/261634

Cui, Y., Zhang, W., Bao, H., Wang, C., Cai, W., Yu, J. & Streets, D.G. (2019). Spatiotemporal dynamics of nitrogen dioxide pollution and urban development: Satellite observations over China, 2005–2016. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 142, 59-68.

Ladstaetter-Weissenmayer, A., Burrows, J.P. & Perner, D. (1998). Biomass burning over Indonesia as observed by GOME. Earth Observation Quarterly, 58, 28.

Levelt, P.F., Oord, G.H. van den, Dobber, M.R., Malkki, A., Visser, H., Vries, J. de, Stammes, P., Lundell, J.O.V. & Saari, H. (2006). The ozone monitoring instrument. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44(5), 1093-1101.

Lin, J.T., Martin, R.V., Boersma, K.F., Sneep, M., Stammes, P., Spurr, R., Wang, P., Van Roozendael, M., Clémer, K., Irie, H. (2014). Retrieving tropospheric nitrogen dioxide from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument: effects of aerosols, surface refl ectance anisotropy, and vertical profile of nitrogen dioxide. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14(3), 1441-1461.

Metz, H.C. (1993). Area Handbook Series: Persian Gulf States Country Studies. Washington: Library of Congress Washington DC Federal Research Division.

Molina, M.J. & Molina, L.T. (2004). Megacities and atmospheric pollution. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 54(6), 644-680.

Rajab, J.M., Jafri, M.Z.M., Lim, H.S. & Abdullah, K. (2012). Regression analysis in modeling of air surface temperature and factors affecting its value in Peninsular Malaysia. Optical Engineering, 51(10), 101702. https:// doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1234/1/012009

Rajab, J.M., MatJafri, M. & Lim, H. (2014). Air surface temperature correlation with greenhouse gases by using airs data over peninsular malaysia. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 171(8), 1993-2011.

Rao, P., Hutyra, L.R., Raciti, S.M. & Templer, P.H. (2014). Atmospheric nitrogen inputs and losses along an urbanization gradient from Boston to Harvard Forest, MA. Biogeochemistry, 121(1), 229-245.

Salih, Z.Q., Al-Salihi, A.M. & Rajab, J.M. (2018). Assessment of Troposphere Carbon Monoxide Variability and Trend in Iraq Using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder During 2003-2016. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11, 39-48.

Yang, K., Carn, S.A., Ge, C., Wang, J. & Dickerson, R.R. (2014). Advancing measurements of tropospheric NO2 from space: New algorithm and ﬁ rst global results from OMPS. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(13), 4777-4786.

Zhang, W., Jiang, L., Cui, Y., Xu, Y., Wang, C., Yu, J., Streets, D.G. & Lin, B. (2019). Effects of urbanization on airport CO2 emissions: A geographically weighted approach using nighttime light data in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 150, 104454. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104454

Zyrichidou, I., Koukouli, M., Balis, D., Kioutsioukis, I., Poupkou, A., Katragkou, E., Melas, D., Boersma, K.F. & Van Roozendael, M. (2013). Evaluation of high resolution simulated and OMI retrieved tropospheric NO2 column densities over Southeastern Europe. Atmospheric Research, 122, 55-66.

Statistics